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🌊 Floods – Overview

A flood occurs when water overflows onto normally dry land, often caused by heavy rain, river overflow, dam failure, or rapid snowmelt. Floods can damage property, spread diseases, and cause injuries or death.

⚠️ Causes of Floods

1. Heavy Rainfall – Continuous or intense rainfall exceeds the land’s absorption capacity.

2. River Overflow – Rivers rise due to rain or melting snow, spilling over their banks.

3. Dam Breaks – Sudden release of large amounts of water.

4. Poor Drainage Systems – Blocked or inadequate drains cause waterlogging.

5. Deforestation – Loss of trees reduces water absorption by soil.

6. Urbanization – Concrete surfaces prevent natural water absorption.

7. Cyclones & Storm Surges – Coastal flooding due to strong winds pushing sea water inland.

🛡️ Flood Prevention Measures

1. Planting Trees – Increases soil absorption and prevents erosion.

2. Building Dams & Reservoirs – Controls water flow and stores excess water.

3. Improved Drainage Systems – Helps channel rainwater effectively.

4. Rainwater Harvesting – Collects and stores rainwater for reuse.

5. Flood Barriers & Embankments – Protects areas near rivers or coasts.

6. Urban Planning – Avoids construction in flood-prone zones.

7. Early Warning Systems – Alerts communities in advance to evacuate safely.

🚑 Medical Effects and Treatment

Floods can cause injuries, infections, and psychological trauma. Common health issues and treatments include:

💡 What Happens During a Flood

• Water levels rise quickly and cover land, houses, and roads.

• Electricity and clean water supply often fail.

• People may be displaced and need emergency shelters.

• After the flood, contamination, disease spread, and property damage occur.